Disaster Preparedness Committee

Earthquake Information

This is the most disruptive natural threat and the most probable one that we face. Such a disaster can hit anytime during day and nights, year around. . Our area is between the Hayward and San Andreas faults. A major quake on either of these faults will have a significant impact on us. Many of our homes are on unstable land, whether it is flat bay fill (possible liquefaction) or relatively loose slag from erosion of the hills (slope instability).

If a major earthquake occurs, we can expect that roads may be impassable and emergency personnel may not be available or reachable. FEMA recommends that neighborhoods need to be self-sufficient for 72 hours. Individual households must have emergency kits for a minimum of three days. Some individuals may elect to have enough supplies to last one week or more.

Part of planning for an earthquake is to look for ways to protect homes and items in them from damage caused by shaking. Also, earthquakes can trigger fires and landslides, so landscape design is important.

Preparing

There is a huge amount of information on earthquake preparedness. The website, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/preparedness.php, includes over 40 links to sites covering background material, planning resources, preparation, and response. Among many links on this site are:

The brochure, “Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country” (http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/15/) was developed by 12 organizations, including the Red Cross, USGS, California Earthquake Authority, and U.C. Berkeley. This 31-page brochure discusses the mechanism of earthquakes, faults in our area, the nature of the damage, and what you can expect from the government and agencies like the Red Cross. Most importantly, it leads you through the “Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety”:

STEP 1. Identify and fix potential hazards in your home.
STEP 2. Create a disaster-preparedness plan.
STEP 3. Create disaster kits.
STEP 4. Identify and fix your building’s potential weaknesses.
STEP 5. Protect yourself during earthquake shaking.
STEP 6. After the quake, check for injuries and damage.
STEP 7. When safe, continue your disaster-preparedness plan.

On the American Red Cross disaster website, the link “Be Prepared” includes links dealing with food and water, sheltering in place, preparing for a power outage, animal safety, preparedness for seniors and people with disabilities, and other topics. The link, “Disaster Safety” deals with earthquakes, wildfires, floods, mudslides, blackouts, and other situations. The link, “After a Disaster” deals with water treatment, food safety, generators, earthquakes, wildfires, floods, mudslides, and more.

Following are some of the more common concerns:

Have your foundation inspected for suitable bolting of the structure to the concrete base. The brochure found at http://www.cert-la.com/BAS-How-You-Can-Strengthen-Your-Home.pdf was developed for the Los Angeles area but is equally applicable here. For professional help with this look in the Yellow Pages of the phone book under the heading, “Earthquake Products & Services.”
Secure your water heater to the wall so it doesn’t pull loose from water connections. The hot water tank provides a backup fresh water supply.
If you have a propane tank, this should be located at least 30 feet from the house and bolted down.
Know how to shut off utilities:

Water: Know where the main valve to the house is and how to turn it off. As a backup if this valve is damaged, know how to turn off water at the meter.
Gas: Near your gas meter is a special valve which is turned by a wrench with a rectangular hole in the head. Have one of these wrenches near the meter (an adjustable crescent wrench can also be used). However, if the meter is not moving, then there is no leak. In that case, don’t turn it off!
Electricity: Be familiar with your circuit breaker box or fuse box. You may need to shut off selected circuits, or the main breaker / fuse. It’s useful to have the various circuits in the box labeled so you know what each one controls. Caution: if gas is leaking near a live broken wire, sparking could cause an explosion.

Bolt heavy storage units and shelves to the wall to prevent them from tipping over. Lips on the edge of bookshelves will help prevent books from shaking onto the floor. Check each storage location for heavy objects that may need to be secured. Velcro makes a good anchor for lighter items. Cabinet drawers and doors can be held in place with childproof stops. For some other ideas, see http://www.fasteningsolutions.com/Earthquake.html, and http://www.earthquakeinfo.com/quakehold/.
Store flammable liquids, especially gasoline, in safety containers, and store on the ground away from heaters and appliances. Don’t store acids, bases, or other reactive chemicals near each other, especially if they are in glass containers. Store them in deep trays. Dispose of unneeded chemicals (including cleaning products, insecticides and fungicides, waste oil) at the Marin Sanitary Service hazardous waste site at 565 Jacoby Street, San Rafael (485-6806) (there is no charge for this).
Keep a 7-day supply of bottled water. A common measure is 1 gallon of water / person / day (2 quarts for drinking, 2 quarts for hygiene and cooking). Replace this yearly. Other sources of water in an emergency are the hot water heater (turn it off before draining!) and the pipes in your house (open the tap at the highest point in the house, and drain water from the lowest tap). If you are uncertain of the quality of the water, purify it before drinking. Use 5.25% sodium hypochlorite unscented household bleach (16 drops per gallon) or iodine tablets (REI in Town Square, Corte Madera, or other camping supply stores sell kits for this).
Keep a 7-day supply of non-perishable food. Preferred foods require no refrigeration, minimal preparation or cooking, and little water. You can use a stand-alone barbecue, fireplace, or camp stove for heating (keep matches and starter fluid). You should have a selection of the following foods (a FEMA and Red Cross Guide to food and water in an emergency is on the web at http://www.redcross.org/images/pdfs/preparedness/A5055.pdf):

Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits, and vegetables
Canned juices, milk, soup (if powdered store extra water)
Staples – sugar, salt, pepper
High-energy foods – peanut butter, jelly, crackers, granola bars, trail mix
Foods for infants, elderly persons, or persons on special diets
Comfort / stress foods – cookies, hard candy, sweetened cereals, lollipops, instant coffee, tea bags

Kitchen items for your kit should include:

Manual can opener / bottle opener (store with the food)
Mess kits or paper cups, plates, and plastic utensils
All-purpose knife
Household bleach to treat drinking water (see above)
Aluminum foil and plastic wrap
Re-sealing plastic bags

Have an action plan.

Emergency Kits: Have an emergency kit for your home, and also for each car. We are fortunate to have the Earthquake Supply Center, a comprehensive emergency supply center, at 3095 Kerner Blvd. in San Rafael (459-5500). Their website is http://www.earthquakesupplycenter.com. Items may be ordered online or at the store. Another site for supplies is Disaster Survival Solutions at http://www.qrcenter.com/.

The contents of an emergency kit are potentially numerous, and will vary from person to person. A lot of thought should be given to decide the contents of a kit. Car kits should include water, walking shoes, a portable radio, some food items, lighting, a cell phone, work gloves, tissues or toilet paper and some first aid items. Home kits will, of necessity, be more inclusive, with special attention paid to first aid, communication, and sanitation.

Among items to be considered for a disaster supply kit are (list is courtesy of the DART manual):

First Aid
Adhesive bandages in assorted sizes 2- and 4-inch sterile gauze pads Adhesive tape Moistened towlettes Antibacterial ointment Tongue depressors Petroleum jelly Safety pins Soap or cleaning agent	Sunscreen 2- and 3-inch bandage rolls Scissors Tweezers Pain reliever Antacid Diarrhea medication Vitamins Personal medicines
Tools and Supplies
Radio and extra batteries Flashlight(s) and extra batteries Duct tape Matches (in waterproof container) Paper and pencil(s) Needles, thread	Work gloves Medicine dropper Shutoff wrench for gas, water Whistle Plastic sheeting
Sanitation
Toilet paper Paper towels Soap, liquid detergent Personal hygiene items	Plastic garbage bags, ties Disinfectant Plastic bucket with lid Household bleach
Clothing and Bedding
At least one complete change of clothing and footwear per person Sturdy shoes or work boots Rain gear	Blankets or sleeping bags Hat Sunglasses
Household Documents and Contact Numbers
Personal identification Cash and credit card Emergency contact list and phone numbers Bank account numbers Credit card numbers and contacts	Map of the area Set of car keys and house keys Inventory of valuable household items Important family documents
Special Items
For baby: formula, diapers, bottles, medications Extra eye glasses or contact lenses	Entertainment – games, books

Responding

When the earthquake strikes, shelter beside (not under) something substantial like a desk or bed or car. (This protects you from being crushed if something heavy falls on the object next to you.)

Take care of yourself first, then your immediate family. Assess your health and apply first aid as possible. Don’t try to do something you don’t know how to do.

Assess the structural damage and safety of the building. Look for damage to utilities. Shut off utilities if needed.

Execute your plan.



Photos ©2005/2006 Hal Lauritzen